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About Computers

[Columbia (supercomputer)]..

A computer is a [machine] which manipulates [Data (computing)] according to a list of [Code (computer programming)].

Computers take numerous physical forms. The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the mid-[20th century] (around [1940] - [1941]), although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed prior. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers.In 1946, [ENIAC] consumed an estimated 174 kW. By comparison, a typical personal computer may use around 400 W; over four hundred times less. Modern computers are based on comparatively tiny [integrated circuit]s and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space. Early computers such as [Colossus computer] and [ENIAC] were able to process between 5 and 100 operations per second. A modern "commodity" microprocessor (as of [2007]) can process billions of operations per second, and many of these operations are more complicated and useful than early computer operations. Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a [Watch] and be powered from a [watch battery]. [Personal computer]s in various forms are icons of the [information age] and are what most people think of as "a computer". However, the most common form of computer in use today is by far the [embedded computer]. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are often used to control other devices — for example, they may be found in machines ranging from [fighter aircraft] to [industrial robot]s, [digital camera]s, and even [toy].

The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from [calculator]s. The [Church – Turing thesis] is a mathematical statement of this versatility: Any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a [personal digital assistant] to a [supercomputer] are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.

History of computing was one of the first programmable devices.

It is difficult to identify any one device as the earliest computer, partly because the term "computer" has been subject to varying interpretations over time.

Originally, the term "computer" referred to a person who performed numerical calculations (a [human computer]), often with the aid of a [mechanical calculating device]. Examples of early mechanical computing devices included the [abacus], the [slide rule] and arguably the [astrolabe] and the [Antikythera mechanism] (which dates from about 150-100 BC). The end of the [Middle Ages] saw a re-invigoration of European mathematics and engineering, and [Wilhelm Schickard]'s 1623 device was the first of a number of mechanical calculators constructed by European engineers.

However, none of those devices fit the modern definition of a computer because they could not be programmed. In 1801, [Joseph Marie Jacquard] made an improvement to the [loom] that used a series of [punch card] as a template to allow his loom to weave intricate patterns automatically. The resulting Jacquard loom was an important step in the development of computers because the use of punched cards to define woven patterns can be viewed as an early, albeit limited, form of programmability.

In 1837, [Charles Babbage] was the first to conceptualize and design a fully programmable mechanical computer that he called "The [Analytical engine]".The Analytical Engine should not be confused with Babbage's [difference engine] which was a non-programmable mechanical calculator. Due to limited finance, and an inability to resist tinkering with the design, Babbage never actually built his Analytical Engine.

Large-scale automated data processing of punched cards was performed for the [United States Census, 1890] by [tabulating machine]s designed by [Herman Hollerith] and manufactured by the [Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation], which later became [IBM]. By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove useful in the realization of practical computers had begun to appear: the [punch card], [Boolean algebra (logic)], the [vacuum tube] (thermionic valve) and the [teleprinter].

During the first half of the 20th century, many scientific computing needs were met by increasingly sophisticated [analog computer]s, which used a direct mechanical or [electricity] model of the problem as a basis for [computation]. However, these were not programmable and generally lacked the versatility and accuracy of modern digital computers.

A succession of steadily more powerful and flexible computing devices were constructed in the 1930s and 1940s, gradually adding the key features that are seen in modern computers. The use of digital electronics (largely invented by [Claude Shannon] in 1937) and more flexible programmability were vitally important steps, but defining one point along this road as "the first digital electronic computer" is difficult . Notable achievements include:

was one of the first computers to implement the stored program ([von Neumann architecture]) architecture.

[Konrad Zuse]'s [Electromechanics] "Z machines". The [Z3] (1941) was the first working machine featuring [Binary numeral system] arithmetic, including floating point arithmetic and a measure of programmability. In 1998 the Z3 was proved to be [Turing completeness], therefore being the world's first operational computer.
The non-programmable [Atanasoff – Berry Computer] (1941) which used vacuum tube based [computation], binary numbers, and [regenerative capacitor memory].
The secret British [Colossus computer] (1944), which had limited programmability but demonstrated that a device using thousands of tubes could be reasonably reliable and electronically reprogrammable. It was used for [cryptanalysis] German wartime codes.
The [Harvard Mark I] (1944), a large-scale electromechanical computer with limited programmability.
The U.S. Army's [Ballistics Research Laboratory] [ENIAC] (1946), which used [decimal] arithmetic and is sometimes called the first general purpose [Electronics] computer (since [Konrad Zuse]'s [Z3] of 1941 used [electromagnets] instead of [electronics]). Initially, however, ENIAC had an inflexible architecture which essentially required rewiring to change its programming.

Several developers of ENIAC, recognizing its flaws, came up with a far more flexible and elegant design, which came to be known as the stored program architecture or [von Neumann architecture]. This design was first formally described by [John von Neumann] in the paper "[First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC]", published in 1945. A number of projects to develop computers based on the stored program architecture commenced around this time, the first of these being completed in [Great Britain]. The first to be demonstrated working was the [Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine] (SSEM) or "Baby". However, the [EDSAC], completed a year after SSEM, was perhaps the first practical implementation of the stored program design. Shortly thereafter, the machine originally described by von Neumann's paper — [EDVAC] — was completed but did not see full-time use for an additional two years.

Nearly all modern computers implement some form of the stored program architecture, making it the single trait by which the word "computer" is now defined. By this standard, many earlier devices would no longer be called computers by today's definition, but are usually referred to as such in their historical context. While the technologies used in computers have changed dramatically since the first electronic, general-purpose computers of the 1940s, most still use the [von Neumann architecture]. The design made the universal computer a practical reality.

are miniaturized devices that often implement stored program [CPU]s.

[Vacuum tube]-based computers were in use throughout the 1950s, but were largely replaced in the 1960s by [transistor]-based devices, which were smaller, faster, cheaper, used less power and were more reliable. These factors allowed computers to be produced on an unprecedented commercial scale. By the 1970s, the adoption of [integrated circuit] technology and the subsequent creation of [microprocessor]s such as the [Intel 4004] caused another leap in size, speed, cost and reliability. By the 1980s, computers had become sufficiently small and cheap to replace simple mechanical controls in domestic appliances such as [washing machines]. Around the same time, computers became widely accessible for personal use by individuals in the form of [home computer]s and the now ubiquitous [personal computer]. In conjunction with the widespread growth of the [Internet] since the 1990s, personal computers are becoming as common as the [television] and the [telephone] and almost all modern electronic devices contain a computer of some kind.

Stored program architecture The defining feature of modern computers which distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can be [computer programming]. That is to say that a list of [Instruction (computer science)] (the [Computer program]) can be given to the computer and it will store them and carry them out at some time in the future.

In most cases, computer instructions are simple: add one number to another, move some data from one location to another, send a message to some external device, etc. These instructions are read from the computer's [Computer storage] and are generally carried out ([Execution (computers)]) in the order they were given. However, there are usually specialized instructions to tell the computer to jump ahead or backwards to some other place in the program and to carry on executing from there. These are called "jump" instructions (or [Branch (computer science)]). Furthermore, jump instructions may be made to happen [Conditional statement] so that different sequences of instructions may be used depending on the result of some previous calculation or some external event. Many computers directly support [subroutine]s by providing a type of jump that "remembers" the location it jumped from and another instruction to return to the instruction following that jump instruction.

Program execution might be likened to reading a book. While a person will normally read each word and line in sequence, they may at times jump back to an earlier place in the text or skip sections that are not of interest. Similarly, a computer may sometimes go back and repeat the instructions in some section of the program over and over again until some internal condition is met. This is called the [control flow] within the program and it is what allows the computer to perform tasks repeatedly without human intervention.

Comparatively, a person using a [calculator] can perform a basic arithmetic operation such as adding two numbers with just a few button presses. But to add together all of the numbers from 1 to 1,000 would take thousands of button presses and a lot of time — with a near certainty of making a mistake. On the other hand, a computer may be programmed to do this with just a few simple instructions. For example:

mov #0,sum ; set sum to 0 mov #1,num ; set num to 1 loop: add num,sum ; add num to sum add #1,num ; add 1 to num cmp num,#1000 ; compare num to 1000 ble loop ; if num {| class="wikitable"|+[Programming Languages]], [Categorical list of programming languages], [Generational list of programming languages], [Alphabetical list of programming languages], [Non-English-based programming languagess || [ARM architecture], [MIPS architecture], [X86 assembly language]|-| rowspan="1" | Commonly used [High level language]s ], [C (programming language)], [C++], [C Sharp], [COBOL], [Fortran], [Java (programming language)], [Lisp (programming language)], [Pascal (programming language)]|-| rowspan="1" | Commonly used [Scripting language]s ], [JavaScript], [Python (programming language)], [Ruby (programming language)], [PHP], [Perl]|-|}

Professions and organizations As the use of computers has spread throughout society, there are an increasing number of careers involving computers. Following the theme of hardware, software and firmware, the brains of people who work in the industry are sometimes known irreverently as wetware or "meatware".

{| class="wikiInformation Reference: Wikipedia.org

Computers

Questions and Answers

Computers ?

Q) Im a little thick when it comes to Computers,so help needed,I have a Packard Bell which only has a CD-R,there is another slot which looks like it's been left for a DVD-R which ive been told you can buy and fit,i was wondering if there is any software i could buy which i could use to make the player i have play both for me.....told you i was thick. Thanks

A) short answer no there is no software. unless the cd-rom manufacturer has any firmware updates or upgrades available. however you can easily buy a DVD-RW which can use any dvd format except high def or blue ray discs. theses dvd recorders cost from as little as £25 delivered, depending on your requirements. take a look at http://www.dabs.com and look up optical dri ves. adding or replacing the drive is one of the easiest jobs you can do on a computer. all you need to do is find a screw driver or two that will be used to open your computers chasis and then remove the screws holding in the existing drive. you need to remove the cables from the back of the drive before removing the screws to make your life a little easier. once removed make a note of the jumper position (the piece of plastic with ametal insert surrounded by pins) normally it would be on cable select CS. make sure your new drive has the jumper in the same position. insert the drive in your computer chasis now connect the cables and finally screw the drive back in place. close the chassis and boot up your computer. install the software that may have come with your drive (depends on what drive you buy). once done your new DVD will be ready to be used as your old CD-rom was (or was your existing drive a CD-RW) either way your DVD will read and write to CD-rw, and DVD-RW (depending on the model you decide to buy, your drive will read multiple or different formats) the replacement is so simple a child of two could do it with a little adult supervision. Though i would not reccomend you let your kids do the work. however remember when you do do the internal work be careful not to touch the printed circuit boards in the system. for best results turn off the power at the mains and at the switch on your computers Power supply (at the rear of the chassis where the mains lead plugs in) leave the cable connected between your computer and the power supply. this will be or in my experiance is adequate to ground yourself in order to work on the internals of your computer without fear of frying the components. just make sure during your work you keep at least one part of your flesh touching the internal bare metal on the chasis. you only need to ground yourself when actually working on the inside of the computer where you expect or think you may inadvertantly make contact with the internal circuit boards which are could be killed by the static electricty that builds up naturally in your body. be careful and if you can use an antistatic wrist strap and connect it to a properly earthed area then you can unplug the mains supply while you work. personally I work with my system plugged in but off at the mains and i have never yet had a problem. However it should be stressed that for your safety you should in a perfect world remove the plug from the mains when you are working on the inside of your computer. good luck.

How do you connect two computers to the same monitor?

Q) I need to connect two computers to one monitor, and also connect one mouse and one keyboard to two computers. Is there a way to do this?

A) Many of your respondents are correct: you need a KVM switch. I use one that allows me to work on 8 different computers with one keyboard, one mouse and one monitor. I use it to load software on multiple machines, etc. On purchasing such a device make sure you get compatible ports and cables. ie if you want to use VGA to your monitor get VGA and not DVI and vice versa. Some support USB mice and not PS2. And some of the cheaper KVM's don't support high monitor resolutions like 1600x1200 so check that out too. And make sure either cables are included or you buy the correct cables.I even have one that I use two computers on that use dual monitors. Very cool! I got mine at http://www.newegg.com. Good luck.

What is the London Underground train that is full of computers and desks for?

Q) I have on a couple of occasions seen a London underground train that has office equipment and computers in with people working at them. What is this train for?

A) It is NOT known as a test train - it's the TRACK RECORDING TRAIN - it records all irregularities of the track over which it travels using ultra sound and laser beams together with all the technicians necessary to control the computerised operations, and it is converted 1973 Tube stock from the Piccadilly line ! ! !

I have two computers connected to the Internet by the same wireless router. How do I link the two computers?

Q) I have two computers connected to the Internet by the same wireless router. How do I link the two computers so that they are both present on the My Computer window, and so i can pass files over from one to the other?

A) You need to make sure that they are in the same workgroup. Go to Control Panel > System and check the workgroup name. If one isn't the same as the other, then click the change button. You also need to make sure that if either or both have a personal firewall installed, the firewall needs to know that both computers are allowed to "talk" with each other. Once that's done, you need to have at least one shared device (drive, resource, etc.) available on the computer in order to see it from the other.

How do I set about sharing a folder between my two computers?

Q) I have two computers connected to via a router, and want to share a folder between the two. Can someone walk me through the process, step by step? Any Good Samaritans out there?

A) You don't say what OS you have, so I'll assume you have Windows XP. You have to be logged in with an account with administrative privileges. Right-click the folder, select "properties", then select the "sharing" tab. Select the options you want. If the options are greyed out, it means the folder is within a parent folder which has been made private. For example, if you've made your "My Documents" folder private, you can't share it (or any subfolder) on a network.

How have computers affected the Human Race and what wou...?

Q) How have computers arrected the Human Race and what would happen if all the computers in the world wouldn't work??

A) Computers let us do calculations and plan events so that business happens quickly. The airports, the shipping terminals, the retail stores and just about every other business, would have to document and calculate everything manually. Very few operations have any sort of plan for operating with no computers, so productivity would slow tremendously. As businesses adapted things would speed up a bit, but this would take a long time and the economy would never come anywhere near recovery. Everybody who works on the internet would be out of a job. E-commerce would be dead. It would be a worldwide economic disaster.

How do I wirelessly link up my printer to my computers?

Q) I have a HP Photosmart C5180 all-in-one printer which is not currently wireless. Is there an attachment or piece of equipment I can buy so I can print from both of my computers wirelessly without having to plug them directly into the printer? I have a wireless router and both my laptop and desktop currently work wirelessly through this network. Please help!

A) Yes you can buy a wireless adapter for your printer..They aren't expensive, and can be accessable up to 4 pc's Mike...

what happens to my ipod if i change computers?

Q) i'm finally getting my own place and will be using another computer. but all my ipod libary is on my parents computer. what will happen to my ipod libary when i change computers? is there a way of moving my libary to the new computer? or will i lose everything and have to start again?

A) http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=300173

What do I need to do to build computers for people?

Q) I am 14 and want to build computers for people, I don't need to set up a business do I? What do I need to do?

A) Are you doing this occasionally as a hobby or regularly as a serious money making proposition? If the former then OK you just need customers and a reliable source of parts If the latter then you are setting up a business and you need to think about customer service, Sale of Goods, and so on. Try www.bllondon.co.uk Remember, as you are under 16 you may have problems with enforcing contracts or getting suppliers to trade with you. One point, I would get cases with the power supply built in - also get someone to test them if possible. It only takes one person to get a shock and they are going to try to sue you (or more likely your parents) for ridiculous amounts. try www.trading standards.gov.uk for leaflets on electrical safety.

what effect will quantum computers have on our world?

Q) If someone could tell me what exactly they would do that our normal computers can't do? Would they have intelligence? Emotion? How will this effect human life? Good or bad thing?

A) For the most part? Zilch. There are crude quantum computers now. They utilise a functon of quantum mechanics called superposition - classical computers are made of bits, that have to be a 0 or a 1 - quantum computers are composed of qubits (from quantum bits and pronounced 'cubits') which can be 1, 0 or (this is gonna be tough if you've never read anything about quantum mechanics) - a superposition of both states. Quantum computers would be able to compute using resources in parallel dimensions and would be able to do many things incredibly fast - many, many times faster than computers today. One of the reasons the governments are so interested in them that one of the things their rapid algorithms would be able to do is factor numbers very quickly. That won't mean much to you I expect but modern encryption is all about the difficulty of factoring incredibly large (several hundred digit) prime numbers. If someone had a computer that could do this they might be able to read the governments secret messages, steal millions of dollars from banks, and so on. Quantum computers aren't likely to be any more capable of sentience than regular computers. Making a computer faster does not make it more human. I recommend David Deustch's 'The Fabric of Reality' which talks about quantum mechanics and quantum computers. To really grasp it though I'd highly recommend 'In Search of Shrödinger's Cat' by John Gribbin which is a primer in quantum mechanics. 'The Codebook' by Simon Singh introduces the concept of quantum computers in the context of cryptology, a fascinating field in itself. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computer http://computer.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/computers_math/quantum_computers/ Kind regards

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Computers?

Q) What was the economic importance of Computers? especially in the 90s. Was it because it expanded the market or what b/c i'm not exactly sure. Pwease helppp mee?

A) Despite the growth and obvious importance of the Internet and distributed computing systems, it is the mainframe computer that has provided the greatest economic benefit. Mainframes are able to store and process vast amounts of data extremely quickly, which is why every bank, insurance company and airline depends on their mainframe. Yes, even today! The major benefits of mainframe processing are twofold. Firstly, operations like accounting and stock control that once took hundreds of people to do manually can be performed much more effectively and pretty much in real-time. Secondly, mainframes can manage enormous databases which allow you to make much more effective use of your data (through techniques known as data mining, for example). Mainframe computers are alive and well, and running most core business functions quietly in the background whilst the new kids on the block (like the Internet) take all the plaudits.

How can I attach two computers to one surround sound system, and have them use it at the same time?

Q) I have an alienware gaming computer, and I am planing on getting another computer vary soon. The one I have right now is attached to a surround sound system, and it sounds awsome. The other computer I am getting is going to be a multi-media computer, and I would like to connect it to the same surround sound system. I would like to listen to music, and play games at the same time. How can I have both computers attached to the surround sound system, and have them both use it simaltaniously? I would like to use the optical input on my system too. So how would I have both computers connected with optical cables at the same time?

A) I doubt its possible. I have set up about 4 surround sound systems. All of them require to switch to the input/component before the signal can output to the speakers. So computer 1 would get it while computer 2 wouldnt be picked up by the receiver. what i recommend is that, if you have a sound blaster with the internal drive with the connectors, have the media pc spdif out into the alienware and have it played there, while outputting the alienware to the surround sound system.

How are computers used by nature researchers and organizations?

Q) Is there any specific applications that help protect the environment? What aspects of computers causes environmental problems? What do environmentalist think of computers?

A) Scientists use computer for pretty much everything nowadays. Even environmentalists and conservationists. They can make computer models to predict deforestation and even habitat restoration based off of existing data. The part of computers that is an environmental problem is when they are discarded and fill up landfills. They also tend to use a lot of power which then indirectly feeds the need for coal burning power plants to power them. This is however, a rather obscure connection. Environmentalists love computers. I know I do.

How many computers can be connected to the Internet using a wireless router?

Q) I have a Comcast provided wireless router at home. 4 of us can surf the net with no problems. However a 5ht and a 6th computer cannot be used to connect to the Internet. Is there an upper limit on how many computers can talk to the Internet when one uses a wireless router? Or is there something we are doing that is not right?

A) Depends on the router. Most wireless routers have a setting for the number of IP addresses that the DHCP server will allow at one time.

How do I get my computers to share files?

Q) I have two computers connected in my house with a router, both wired, although they are wireless capable(no wireless cards, yet, just the router). How can I share files between the two computers? Can I use a web browser to browse through the HD of the other computer? Or am I going to have to do some sort of artificial server set-up?

A) You have to run your set up a home or small office network wizard which is in your network connection window on the left side. You have to do this on both computers and make sure you give both computers the same work group name or they can't connect to each other. Then after you establish a connection between the to you just have to right click on the folders you want to share and go down to sharing and security and click on that and check share this folder, you can also check allow user you make changes so you can make changes to that folder from the opposite computer. Might sound complicated but it's not the wizard is easy to use and if you don't want to share a folder any more just go back through and uncheck share folder.

How can I get rid of the computers that are showing connected to my computer on my pc trendcillin program?

Q) My trendcillin program scans the computer routinely for viruses and spyware. This list keeps popping up saying that there are several computers showing up linked to my computer. Does this affect anything and how do I stop it? When I go to do not trust it doesnt remove them from the list saying they are connected!

A) Well, for a start, you will be connected to your ISP's server, so you don't want to disconnect that one. If you run MSN Messenger or some of messenger program, that will be maybe another couple of connections. I've just looked on my PC, and I have 60 open connections to other computers. I am not connected to any network, just have my broadband access to my home. If you open a DOS window (Start->Run, type 'cmd' in the box for Windows XP, type 'command' in the box for some older versions of windows.) and type the command "netstat", it will show all open connections. You can also type "netstat 5" to make it refresh every 5 seconds (CTRL-C to stop). These connections are normal. If you shutdown all your internet programs, and see more than 5 or 6 of these listed, and can't figure out what they are, then you may have unwanted software running, so run an anti-spyware scan.

How do I make my printer work with my wireless computers?

Q) We have 4 computers in our house. Three are currently wireless, one hardwired. We have one printer that is connected with wires to one of the wireless computers. Right now, we can only print using that one computer. So if we are working on one of the other computers, we have to save the file and email it to ourselves and go open it on the "printing" computer. How can I print from the other three computers? Is there a way to link it all now or do I need to go buy some more equipment for the printer? Or do only certain printers have these capabilities?

A) You need a network printer server. You plug your printer into this little box and plug it into your wireless router. No longer plug printer into any of your computers. Leave the printer, printer server, and router on all the time. You can turn off the computers. Printer's always available. Some printers already have this ability built-in, and are usually labelled as "network ready", or something like that; they'll have an ethernet jack on the back if they are. Anyway, Linksys makes these little items, inexpensive too. If the following link doesn't work for some reason, the device is the Linksys WPS54G. http://www.linksys.com/servlet/Satellite?c=L_Product_C2&childpagename=US%2FLayout&cid=1114037289494&pagename=Linksys%2FCommon%2FVisitorWrapper

How can I successfully sync my ipod on two computers?

Q) In the past, I've plugged in my ipod on the primary computer and another computer in my house. Both had itunes installed. However, whenever I plugged my ipod into the second computer, the files were erased off my ipod. Therefore, I had to plug it into the primary computer to retrieve the files again. So, how can I save the same files on both computers without running the risk of deleted files?

A) I think you'd need to have identical library files-- you could try transfering them (the audio and library file) to the SAME folder on your other computer via internet/ LAN line. I've never tried this-- but it seems like the logical procedure.

How do I network music folders between 3 computers?

Q) Me and my roommates have 3 computers, 2 are connected with wireless, and the other one is plugged into the router. 2 have vista and one has XP. How can i make the music folders on each computer shared, so I can just drag songs off the other computers onto mine? I tried networking it and it always ask for a password to access the other computers. How would I do this using XP and Vista ? Thanks!

A) You can try foldershare http://www.foldershare.com This program syncs folders between multiple computers and whats kinda cool is that you can invite ANYONE to access your files. However, you can define what kind of access he/she has. I run an anime group with it, and of course I want my admins and contributers to have write rights, but I don't want the people who just download to have delete or change or add rights. It works rather well. You could each share your music folders with each other, or you could make one massive folder. On a side note, foldershare is a great way to share things like My Documents across multiple computers. I have 5 computers and it is nice to have all my documents on every machine. What is even cooler is that I have a remote machine set up and all it does is download my documents and music. Then, if I ever have to wipe a computer, I just install foldershare and point everything to the folders I want them to go to. In about an hour, i have everything back.

How have computers have changed the ways doctors treat patients?

Q) How have computers have changed the ways doctors treat patients? I have to write an 8 page report, 2000 - 2500 words, and it's due this tuesday. Help me!

A) technology http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AjnropyzMkw1o6wFIj3hOCLsy6IX;_ylv=3?qid=20071215104432AA3M6aq